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š 'Mitigated Speech' - Life or Death?
This is issue #94 of LifeLemons. You can read the rest here.

I finally managed to get started on the book āOutliersā by Malcolm Gladwell this week.
Itās constructed of numerous stories, each with actionable lessons that offer topics for reflection.
One story in particular drew my attentionāāācentred around a concept that Iāve experienced time and time again, Gladwell managed to isolate it and pick it apart.
The story was one of a plane crash, followed by a root-cause analysis of what had actually gone wrong.
In the midst of a landing emergency, the co-pilot subdued what he wanted to say to his superior, the main pilot. Instead of asserting himself, the co-pilot simply made āhintsā that something might have been going wrong.
Through my medical training, Iād become very familiar with the lessons that come from aviation errors, namely in the domain of āhuman factorsā, but Iād never heard of what Gladwell mentioned next.
Despite clearly being in danger, the co-pilot couldnāt muster the courage to speak up and address the issue directly. Gladwell points out that the issue had partly been a cultural oneāāāit was said that the airline āKorean Airā operated under a strong power hierarchy. Essentially, the captain made decisions and everyone else āsits quietly and does nothingā.
This power dynamic made it uncomfortable for the co-pilot to challenge the captainās actions, which led to āmitigated speechā, i.e. he subdued what he said relative to what he ought to have said, in the circumstance of him talking up the power hierarchy.
Put yourself in a similar situation: imagine youāre in a car with your companyās boss and they miss their turn. Would you say āturn around, you missed the exitā or, would you mitigate your speech to something like āHmm, I think we may have just missed our turnā?
I think most of us can agree, the second version is more realistic.
The former example is a commandāāāyou donāt sugarcoat it, you say exactly what needs to be said and keep it direct.
The latter example is, however, more realisticāāāyou hint at the idea that a mistake āmayā have been made, being careful not to directly point out the bossā evident mistake. The term āhmmā lacks the necessary urgency required to promptly acknowledge the mistake and the term āweā fails to inform the boss of their personal error.
There have been so many times where Iāve felt victim to mitigated speech in the hospital environment. As a medical student and now, a junior doctor, how does one even begin to suggest to a consultant with decades of experience that they may have made a mistake? How do we get across the necessary words without downplaying them? The truth is, itās still as difficult as ever.
Iāve even experienced this on the flip-side. A nurse who knows me well will tell me as it is when they need my action: āFaisal, go and review this patient please, they look unwell.ā
If they donāt know me well, however, I often receive: āHi Dr, this patientās complaining of X symptoms, I thought I would just let you knowā, to which I would then have to ask further questions to ascertain the level of urgency.
A senior doctor once told me: āIf a nurse seems worried about something for any reason, trust their instincts enough to investigate.ā The underlying message was one similar to the topic from Gladwellās book: it is common for people to mitigate their speech, even under pressure. You can imagine the possible outcomes on both extremes from these two examples.
Itās important that we put a name to it so that it becomes something tangible, something we can point at and call out for what it is.
And whilst most people have probably experienced something similar, itās a timely reminder that in the most extreme of circumstances, even with the safeguards of safety protocols and training, mitigated speech can snowball into extreme consequences.
-Faisal

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